FOR PUBLICATION
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
PATRICK B. MCEUEN KAREN M. FREEMAN-WILSON
Singleton Crist Austgen & Sears Attorney General of Indiana
Munster, Indiana
CHRISTOPHER L. LAFUSE
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
APPELLEE PRO SE:
THOMAS PIERCE
Gary, Indiana
STANRAIL CORPORATION, )
)
Appellant-Respondent, )
)
vs. ) No. 93A02-9911-EX-765
)
OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION
FRIEDLANDER, Judge
We reverse.
Pierce was an employee at Stanrail. Stanrails attendance program was published in
a handbook and distributed to all employees. Following is a brief description
of relevant components of that policy. On a yearly basis, each employee
was entitled to (1) five sick days, (2) two personal business days, (3)
two three-day (at a minimum) illness leaves, and (4) accrued vacation days.
The program rewarded perfect attendance with a monthly bonus and penalized
absence, tardiness, and misconduct with a system of demerit points, which included the
following:
Infraction Demerit points
Failing to punch time card 25
Tardy
0-6 minutes 10
7-12 minutes 20
13-18 minutes 40
19 + minutes
sent home (managers decision) 100
stay (managers
decision) 50
Early quit
3.5 or more hours 100
less than 3.5 hours
1st and 2nd early quit 25
3rd early quit 50
after 3rd early quit 100
Unexcused absence 100
Absent without reporting 300
Failure to wear safety glasses 50
Inappropriate use of forklift 50
General safety violations 50
Horseplay 50
Careless equipment/material damage 50
Deliberate equipment/material damage 300
Record at 49-50. With respect to reporting absences, the manual instructed the
employees as follows:
You MUST CALL OFF every day you are absent. (exception: you are on
scheduled Vacation, approved Leave of Absence, Workmans Compensation, or Hospitalization your supervisor is
aware of) You are to TALK TO A SUPERVISOR [afternoon shift] or
LEAVE THE INFORMATION WITH THE GUARD [morning shift]. You are NOT to
give the information to the Switchboard.
Record at 51 (emphasis in original). As reflected above, failure to adhere
to the call-in policy subjected an employee to 300 demerit points for being
absent without reporting. An employee accumulating more than 500 demerit points was
subject to immediate termination.
On January 5, 1999, Pierce missed work, but reported his absence according to
the specified procedure. He was assessed 100 demerit points. Pierce was
also absent on January 6, but failed to call in. Therefore, he
was assessed 300 demerit points. On January 7, Pierce was again absent.
On that day, he called to report his absence, but spoke only
with someone who worked on the switchboard. He could not later recall
the name of the person to whom he had reported. Because he
did not adhere to the guidelines for calling in absences, Pierce received 300
demerit points.
See footnote Pierce was terminated as a result of accumulating
more than 500 demerit points after his January 6 and 7 absences.
Pierce applied for unemployment benefits. A deputy determined that Pierce was terminated
for just cause. That decision was appealed to an ALJ, who affirmed
the denial of benefits. The ALJ entered the following conclusions in support
of the decision:
From the foregoing findings, it is concluded that the claimant was discharged from
his employment with this employer. It is concluded that the claimant was
discharged for a violation of the employers demerit program concerning attendance. It
is concluded that the attendance program is enforced with all employees on a
uniform basis. According to I.C. 22-4-15-1(d)(2) a discharge for just cause is
defined to include but not to be limited to a knowing violation by
an employee of a reasonable and uniformly enforced rule of the employer concerning
attendance. Therefore, it is concluded that the claimant was discharged for just
cause within the meaning and intent of I.C. 22-4-15-1.
Record at 6. Pierce appealed the ALJs decision to the Board.
The Board reversed, entering the following conclusions:
In a discharge case, the Employer bears the burden of proving that it
discharged the Claimant for just cause as that term is defined in Indiana
Code § 22-4-15-1 (d). Russell v. Review Board, 58[6] N.E.2d 942 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1992). In Barnett v. Review Board, 419 N.E.2d 249
(Ind. Ct. App. 1981), the Court held that the Review Board must
make certain specific findings in cases involving a discharge for violating an employers
rules. To find that a discharge was for just cause, there must
first be a finding that: (1) there was a rule; (2) the rule
was reasonable; (3) the rule was uniformly enforced; (4) the claimant knew of
the rule; and (5) the claimant knowingly violated the rule. A reasonable
attendance policy would allow exemptions for long-term absences for illness and verified emergencies
as well as provide for progressive discipline prior to discharge. Beene v.
Review Board, 528 N.E.2d 842 (Ind. Ct. App. 1988).
This policy is unreasonable. Except for the two personal days a year
and three days or more of absence with a doctors slip, there were
no unexcused absences under the policy. Court appearances of any kind are
listed as non-excused absence. This unexcused absence category would apparently include jury
duty which is a legally protected obligation. These deficiencies render the policy
unreasonable.
Record at 9. Stanrail appeals the decision of the Board.
See footnote
Our task when reviewing a decision by the Board is to determine
whether the decision is reasonable in light of its findings.
Kentucky Truck
Sales, Inc. v. Review Bd. of Indiana Dept of Workforce Dev., 725 N.E.2d
523 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). Generally, the Board's findings of fact are
conclusive and binding upon this court. Accordingly, we neither reweigh evidence nor
assess witness credibility. Browning-Ferris Indus. v. Review Bd. of Indiana Dept of
Workforce Dev., 693 N.E.2d 1351 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998). We are not,
however, bound by the Board's interpretation of the relevant law. Rather, we
determine de novo whether the Board correctly interpreted and applied the law.
Kentucky Truck Sales, Inc. v. Review Bd. of Indiana Dept of Workforce Dev.,
725 N.E.2d 523.
Stanrail contends that because it terminated Pierce's employment for just cause, he is
not entitled to unemployment insurance benefits. Ind. Code Ann. § 22-4-15-1(d)(2) (West
Supp.1999) provides that an employer has just cause to terminate an employee for
the "knowing violation of a reasonable and uniformly enforced rule of an employer."
Initially, the employer bears the burden of establishing that an employee
has been terminated for just cause. Browning-Ferris Indus. v. Review Bd. of
Indiana Dept of Workforce Dev., 693 N.E.2d 1351. In order to
make out a prima facie case of termination for just cause under IC
22-4-15-1(d)(2), the employer must show that the former employee: (1) knowingly violated;
(2) a reasonable; and (3) uniformly enforced rule. Id. at 1353.
Stanrail presented undisputed evidence that Pierce did not report to work on January
6 and did not call. It also presented undisputed evidence that Pierce
did not show up for work on January 7, and did not call
and inform his supervisor that he would be absent that day. Pierce
does not dispute Stanrails assertion that Pierce knew of the Stanrail policy that
required him to communicate directly with his supervisor to inform the supervisor that
Pierce would not be at work on January 7. Similarly, Pierce does
not dispute the reasonableness of the rule requiring that he report absences directly
to his supervisor. Finally, Pierce does not dispute that the rule was
uniformly enforced.
Notwithstanding the fact that Stanrails evidence seemingly established the elements necessary to prove
termination for just cause, the Board reversed the ALJ and ruled in favor
of Pierce. In so doing, the Board did not disturb the deputys
and ALJs findings that Stanrail had established the elements of termination for just
cause. Rather, the Board broadened the scope of its inquiry beyond the
rule upon which Pierces termination was based. After conducting this broadened examination,
the Board concluded that Stanrails employment policies were deficient in other respects not
pertinent to the basis of Pierces termination, and that these deficiencies rendered the
entire policy unreasonable.
The parties invite this court to take this opportunity to resolve a seeming
conflict highlighted by the Boards decision. According to the parties, both Jeffboat,
Inc v. Review Bd. Of Ind. Employment Sec. Div., 464 N.E.2d 377 (Ind.
Ct. App. 1984) and Love v. Heritage House Convalescent Ctr., 463 N.E.2d 478
(Ind. Ct. App. 1983) are precedent for resolving this appeal, but each compels
a different result. Even assuming the parties are correct with respect to
the conflicting nature of the holdings in Jeffboat and Love, we must decline
the invitation to resolve the conflict. We hold that the Board erred
in broadening its inquiry beyond the specific rule that was cited as the
basis for Pierces termination. Applying that principle in the instant case, in
order to resolve this appeal, we need not look beyond the rule requiring
Stanrail employees to call and inform their supervisor or the guard shack that
they are going to be absent from work that day.
IC § 22-4-15-1(d)(2) indicates that a knowing violation of an employers reasonable
and uniformly enforced rule concerning absenteeism may serve as the basis for discharging
an employee for just cause, thereby rendering him or her ineligible for unemployment
compensation benefits. Jeffboat, Inc. v. Review Bd. of Indiana Employment Sec.
Div., 464 N.E.2d 377. If such a rule is cited as the
reason for discharge, then the Board must confine its inquiry to that particular
rule, and must determine whether, with respect to that rule, the employer has
established the elements required to prove termination for just cause just, as set
out in IC § 22-4-15-1(d)(2). Parkison v. James River Corp., 659 N.E.2d
690 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996). In this case, the Board erred in
going beyond the stated reason for discharge and taking the opportunity to review
all facets of Stanrails employment policies. We will therefore determine whether, considering
only the rule in question, Stanrail established that Pierce was terminated for just
cause.
Pierce does not dispute the following facts: (1) He was absent on
January 6 and did not call in, (2) he was absent on January
7 and did not call and speak with his supervisor to inform him
that Pierce would not be at work that day; instead, Pierce called and
gave the information to someone working at the switchboard, (3) Stanrails policy required
employees such as Pierce, who worked the afternoon shift, to call the employees
supervisor and inform the supervisor directly that the employee would not be at
work that day, or else the employee would receive 300 demerit points, (4)
a call to the switchboard informing Stanrails switchboard personnel that the employee would
be absent did not comply with (3) above, and would subject the employee
to 300 demerit points, (5) Pierce knew of the Stanrail employment rules set
out in (3) and (4) above, and (6) the rules set out in
(3) and (4) above were uniformly applied.
Based upon the foregoing, we agree with the decisions of the deputy and
the ALJ that Pierce was terminated for just cause because he accumulated more
than 500 demerit points for failing to report for work on January 6
and 7 of 1999, without calling and informing his supervisor that he would
be absent. The judgment of the Board is reversed.
Judgment reversed.
NAJAM, J., concurs.
MATHIAS, J., concurring with separate opinion.
MATHIAS, Judge
, concurring
I concur in this opinion because of the procedural posture of this case
and the proper standards of review for both the Board and this Court
on appeal.
Counsel ably pointed out the conflict between this Courts previous analyses in
Jeffboat, Inc. v. Review Board, 464 N.E.2d 377 (Ind. Ct. App. 1983), and
Love v. Heritage House, 464 N.E.2d 377 (Ind. Ct. App. 1984). However,
counsel, the Board and this Court have, as of yet, failed to address
the source of this recurring, apparent conflict: the merger of just cause reviews
of I.C. 22-4-15-1(d)(2) rules and I.C. 22-4-15-1(d)(3) rules. No fault discipline policies
tend to erase the distinction between these two subsections, which are written in
the disjunctive, causing confused results. Until no fault absenteeism policies under I.C.
22-4-15-1(d)(3) are reviewed for reasonableness under Love, independent of non-absenteeism rules under I.C.
22-4-15-1-(d)(2), the artificial conflict between the Jeffboat and Love results will persist.