IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FIFTH DISTRICT JULY TERM 2004
SHIRLEY BELCHER,
Appellant,
v. CASE NO. 5D03-3666
UNEMPLOYMENT APPEALS COMMISSION,
Appellee.
/
Opinion Filed September 17, 2004
Administrative Appeal from the
Unemployment Appeals Commission
Shirley Belcher, Titusville, pro se.
John D. Maher, Tallahassee, for Appellee.
GRIFFIN, J.
Shirley B. Belcher ["Belcher"] appeals a final order of the Unemployment Appeals
Commission ["UAC"] reversing the appeals referee's determination that Belcher was entitled
to unemployment benefits. Belcher contends that the appeals referee's determination was
correct because she voluntarily left the workplace for good cause attributable to her employer
pursuant to section 443.101(1), Florida Statutes (2002), and that the UAC erred in reversing
the referee's decision. We agree and reverse.
From March 5, 2003, until March 21, 2003, Belcher worked full-time in the stockroom
and receiving department of Astec, a contract manufacturing company. After several weeks,
Belcher – who is five feet two inches tall, weighs 110 pounds and is fifty-two years old – found
that she was physically unable to perform the work, which required her to lift heavy boxes. She
quit her job and sought unemployment. She was awarded benefits on the basis that she quit
the job with "good cause" attributable to the employer.
Belcher's employer, Spherion Atlantic Resources, LLC ["Spherion"],1 appealed the
award. At a hearing before the appeals referee, Belcher testified that when she was hired she
was told she would be in charge of the stockroom and receiving, and was unaware that she
would be the only employee in the stockroom. She thought she was being hired as a
supervisor because, in her previous employment, she had fourteen years experience in
management. She was unaware the job required her to perform manual labor. She testified
that the job involved physically handling bulk supplies and was beyond her physical
capabilities. She testified to backaches and bruising caused by her efforts to perform the job.
In his final order, the appeals referee affirmed the initial award. He found as a factual
matter that Belcher was physically unable to do the heavy lifting required by her job and that
she faced serious physical harm if she continued in her employment. He noted that the
employer had not only failed to provide her assistance in performing her duties, but had
prohibited male employees from assisting her, which he found "demonstrated a lack of
concern for the claimant's working conditions and safety" and gave her "good cause"
attributable to her employer for voluntarily leaving her employment.
Spherion appealed to the UAC, which reversed the award. The UAC apparently found
no evidence to support the conclusion that the employer lacked concern for Belcher's safety,
emphasizing that there was no testimony that male employees had been prohibited from
assisting Belcher or that a physician advised her to find other, less physically demanding
employment. The UAC also found that Belcher had never "asked her supervisor for
assistance" and concluded that benefits should be denied because Belcher had failed to
expend reasonable efforts to preserve her employment.
Section 443.101(1)(a), Florida Statutes (2002), provides that individuals seeking
unemployment compensation benefits shall be disqualified when they leave employment
voluntarily, without "good cause" attributable to the employer. Good cause has been defined
as "those circumstances which would compel the average able-bodied, qualified worker to
give up his or her employment." Brown v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 633 So. 2d 36
(Fla. 5th DCA 1994). Whether an individual voluntarily left employment for "good cause" is
a question of fact to be determined by an appeals referee. See Gfrorer v. Unemployment
Appeals Comm'n, 864 So. 2d 1290 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004); see also San Roman v.
Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 711 So. 2d 93, 95 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998) ("good cause" is
mixed question of law and fact or ultimate fact best left to factfinder). The decision made by
the appeals referee concerning the existence of "good cause" must be affirmed by the UAC
if it is based on competent, substantial evidence and the proceedings complied with the
essential requirements of the law. Kloepper v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 871 So.
2d 997 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004).
In this case, the appeals referee found as a factual matter that Belcher was physically
unable to do the heavy lifting required by her job and that she faced serious physical harm if
she continued in her employment. These findings are supported by competent substantial
evidence in the record, in the form of Belcher's uncontroverted testimony that she was unable
to perform her job and suffered bruises and backaches. They also support the referee's
determination that "good cause" attributable to the employer existed for Belcher to terminate
her employment. The physical inability to perform a job constitutes good cause for separation
from employment which is attributable to the employer. See Krulla v. Barnett Bank, 629 So.
2d 1005 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993); Gottardi v. Joaquin General Distributors, Inc., 618 So. 2d 363
(Fla. 3d DCA 1993). Florida courts also recognize that a reasonable fear for one's personal
safety or health is good cause for leaving employment. Spangler v. Unemployment Appeals
Comm'n, 632 So. 2d 98 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994); Tannariello v. Federation of Public
Employees, 437 So. 2d 799 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983).
In reaching his holding, the appeals referee admittedly did make a factual finding that
was not supported by any evidence – that Belcher's "physician had advised her to find other,
less physically demanding employment." The UAC was entitled to reject this finding, as it was
not supported by any evidence. However, the remaining findings made by the referee –
including findings that the job was beyond Belcher's physical capacity and posed a risk of
physical harm to Belcher – were supported by the evidence and, as in Gottardi, support the
award of benefits to Belcher.
In reversing the referee's decision, the UAC relied in part on its conclusion that Belcher
failed to make "reasonable efforts to preserve" her employment. The UAC found that the
claimant had not asked her supervisor for assistance in lifting packages and that she had not
gone to Spherion or anyone at Astec above the level of her supervisor to complain about her
working conditions. This was not a requirement. Although a “reasonable effort to preserve
employment” has been required in some cases in which the employee had been accused of
some misconduct and failed to exhaust available grievance procedures, it logically does not
control a case such as this. See Kralj v. Florida Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 537 So.
2d 201 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989); Board of County Commissioners v. Florida Dep’t of Commerce,
370 So. 2d 1209 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979). REVERSED AND REMANDED with directions to
reinstate the decision of the appeals referee.
THOMPSON and ORFINGER, JJ., concur.